6 风险控制
遵循ISO14971风险控制措施优先级 6.1 本质安全设计
使风险发生的概率接近0或为0。
比如血液加热器的设计中,加热装置在正常和故障条件下最高温度都不能超过37℃,采用硬件设计保护措施,使之本质安全。 6.2 预防措施(影响P1和P2)
交叉校验或边界校验关键计算结果,比如输入超范围的数据。
校验和或循环冗余校验通讯数据,防止器械对错误数据作出反应。 6.3 纠正措施(影响P1和P2)
当CPU没有重置看门狗计时器时,CPU应当重新初始化。 6.4 缓和措施(影响S)
血液注射器,过量控制也算是减轻严重性,因为终止了过量,过量会随着计量增大而出现更严重后果
可以通过特殊方式使CPU挂停,防止注射泵进一步过量注射。 7 特殊说明 7.1 概率的说明(IEC62304)
Risk is considered to be a combination of the severity of HARM and the probability of its occurrence. However, no consensus exists for a method of quantitatively estimating the probability of occurrence of a software failure. When software is present in a sequence or combination of events leading to a HAZARDOUS SITUATION the probability of the software failure occurring should be set to 1. when it is possible to estimate the probability for the remaining events in the sequence) as it may be if they are not software) that probability can be used for the probability of the HAZARDOUS SITUATION occurring interesting figure B
有直接导致软件事件的其他事件的概率,那么以该事件作为软件的概率。有软件的概率不好测量则设置为1。 7.2 数据支撑的要求(IEC62304)
Estimates of probability of HAZARDOUS SITUATION lead to harm generally require clinical knowledge to distinguish between hazardous situations where clinical practice would be likely to prevent harm. And hazardous situations that would be more likely to cause harm
P2的概率需要有临床的支撑。 7.2 其他
软件风险分析参见AMI TR32。
软件可以是起始事件,也可能是中间事件,软件不可能单独分析。
IEC62304种的风险分析模型: